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Recumbency follows with the animal lying on its side making involuntary running movements and there may be champing of the jaws and frothing at the mouth. As hyperaesthesia increases the affected animal develops an unsteady gait, staggering about with head held high and apparently blind.
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Animals which are observed in the initial stages of the disease show an alertness accompanied by nervousness and restlessness. The majority of cases present as sudden death. It is particularly common in the cast hill ewe which has been brought down to lowground and is carrying or feeding a heavy type of cross lamb.Ī number of sheep may have an accompanying hypocalcaemia Hypomagnesaemia is essentially a disease of the lambing period and occurs in ewes within the month before or after lambing, the highest incidence occurring after parturition. As in cattle, the onset of the clinical disease is often associated with a sudden cold, wet spell. Grass, especially when it is growing rapidly, may contain some factor which interferes with magnesium uptake from the gut. The demands of lactation in combination with low pasture levels of magnesium may result in a reduction in the serum magnesium levels. However, sheep developing hypomagnesaemia often graze pasture with a magnesium content as high as or higher than that of pasture grazed by sheep which do not develop the disease. HYPOMAGNESAEMIA (Grass Staggers)Ī condition resulting in sudden death in both the hill and lowland ewe and similar to hypomagnesaemia of cattle.Īt certain times of the year (particularly April-May) pasture may contain insufficient magnesium to meet the requirements of the grazing animal and so a simple deficiency state may result.
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When the disease occurs it is advisable to treat all sheep with triclabendazole to remove any fluke infection.Ĭontrol is by annual vaccination of all breeding stock with a multivalent clostridial vaccine. A less acute form might respond to high levels of penicillin. Gradually they become comatose and death ensues within a few hours of the illness being first apparent.Īffected animals are not treated because the disease runs such a rapid course that there is usually no time for treatment to be effective. Such animals can shortly be found lying in sternal recumbency and appear as if asleep but if disturbed by a noise, they become hyperaesthetic and show twitching of the eyes and ears. If clinically affected animals are observed they are found to lag behind the rest of the flock and they will collapse if attempts are made to drive them. The course of this disease is short and affected animals are usually found dead having shown no signs of illness. Once a farm becomes infected the disease is usually seen regularly in subsequent years.
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In Britain the distribution of Black Disease is not well-known and many farms where fluke is a problem are free of the disease. predominantly the autumn and early winter but occasionally in the early spring adult sheep appear more susceptible although lambs commencing their first winter have also been affected. Cases usually occur at the same time of year as acute liver fluke infection, i.e. novyi, is found mostly in soil, particularly in low-lying ground, and on pastures.īlack disease occurs on both hill and lowland farms which are infected by liver fluke. Although any necrotic process in the liver can stimulate the bacteria to proliferate, field outbreaks of Black Disease are usually precipitated by invasion of the liver by immature liver fluke or sometimes by feeding changes which produce liver damage allowing entry of Clostridia. A generalised toxaemia of sheep, and occasionally cattle, caused by toxins of Clostridium novyi Type B which are produced in damaged liver tissue.
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